New England State Public Policies for Renewable Resources and Carbon Emissions Reduction
NEPOOL Participants Committee Summer Meeting
June 22, 2016
Context
- This presentation is not an exhaustive list of every requirement of every states’ energy and environmental laws
- This presentation provides high-level, generally indicative information about current energy and environmental laws that influence the regional power system
Overview
- Public Policies
- Energy Efficiency
- Renewable Resources
- Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction
- Programs and Mechanisms to Support Public Policies
- System Benefits Charge
- Renewable Portfolio Standard
- Net Metering
- Long-Term Contracting
- Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)
- Other Initiatives
Energy Efficiency – the “first” fuel
Installed measures (e.g., products, equipment, systems, services, practices and/or strategies) on end-use customer facilities that reduce the total amount of electrical energy needed, while delivering a comparable or improved level of end-use service. Such measures include, but are not limited to, the installation of more energy efficient lighting, motors, refrigeration, HVAC equipment and control systems, envelope measures, operations and maintenance procedures, and industrial process equipment. – ISO-NE Tariff §I.2.2.
[see pdf for graphic]
Renewable Resources
| Common Technologies | State | Special Technologies or Restrictions |
| •Wind •Solar Photovoltaic (PV) •Small Hydro •Landfill Gas •Biomass (MA: subject to eligibility requirements) •Anaerobic Digestion •Geothermal •Solar Thermal •Ocean Thermal •Wave •Tidal | Maine | Municipal Solid Waste (“MSW”) with recycling, cogeneration, “useful thermal energy” |
| Massachusetts | Fuel cells with Renewable fuels, MSW | |
| Connecticut | Hydro <5 MW, sustainable biomass, MSW, fuel cells, energy efficiency and combined heat and power (“CHP”), large-scale hydro (only if shortfall in Class I resources, capped at 5% in 2020) | |
| Rhode Island | Fuel cells only with renewable fuels | |
| Vermont | Large Hydro | |
| New Hampshire | Geothermal, no fuel cells |
Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction
[see pdf for graphic]
Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction
| Power Sector | Economy-Wide | Legal Authorities | |
| Connecticut | Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI): 2.5% per year | 10% below 1990 levels by 2020 80% below 2001 levels by 2050 | Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 22a-200a and 22a-200c |
| Maine | 10% below 1990 levels by 2020 | 38 Me. Rev. Stat. ch. 3-A and 3-B | |
| Massachusetts | 25% below 1990 levels by 2020 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 | Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 21A § 22 and ch. 21N § 3 | |
| New Hampshire | n/a | N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 125:O | |
| Rhode Island | 10% below 1990 levels by 2020 45% below 1990 levels by 2035 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 | R.I. Gen. Laws §§ 42-6.2-2, 42-17.12(19), 23-23, and 23-82 | |
| Vermont | 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 80-95% below 1990 levels by 2050 | 30 V.S.A. § 255 2016 Comprehensive Energy Plan |
Programs and Mechanisms to Support Public Policies
System Benefit Charge
[see pdf for graphic]
Renewable Portfolio Standard
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | ||
| Connecticut | |||||||||||
| Class I | 14.0% | 15.5% | 17.0% | 19.5% | 20.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% | |
| Class II | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | |
| Class III | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% | |
| Maine | |||||||||||
| Class I | 9.0% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 10.0% | |
| Class II | 30.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% | 30.0% | |
| Massachusetts | |||||||||||
| Class I | 11.0% | 12.0% | 13.0% | 14.0% | 15.0% | 16.0% | 17.0% | 18.0% | 19.0% | 20.0% | |
| Class IIa | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 2.6% | |
| Class IIb | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | |
| New Hampshire | |||||||||||
| Class I | 6.9% | 7.8% | 8.7% | 9.6% | 10.5% | 11.4% | 12.3% | 13.2% | 14.1% | 15.0% | |
| Class II | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | |
| Class III | 0.5% | 8.0% | 8.0% | 8.0% | 8.0% | 8.0% | 8.0% | 8.0% | 8.0% | 8.0% | |
| Class IV | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.5% | |
| Rhode Island | |||||||||||
| Existing | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | |
| New | 8.0% | 9.5% | 11.0% | 12.5% | 12.5% | 12.5% | 12.5% | 12.5% | 12.5% | 12.5% | |
| Vermont | |||||||||||
| Standard | n/a | 54.0% | 53.4% | 52.8% | 56.2% | 55.6% | 55.0% | 58.4% | 57.8% | 57.2% | |
| Distributed Gen. | n/a | 1.0% | 1.6% | 2.2% | 2.8% | 3.4% | 4.0% | 4.6% | 5.2% | 5.8% | |
Renewable Portfolio Standard
[see pdf for graphic]
Net Metering
[see pdf for graphic]
Long-Term Contracts
- Clean Energy Request for Proposals (RFP)
- Entities from three of the New England States – Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island – have jointly issued a Request for Proposals (RFP) from private developers of clean energy and transmission. The three States are leveraging their collective authority in a joint procurement to open the possibility of procuring large-scale projects that no one state could procure alone.
- Connecticut
- 2,750 GWh per year of Qualified Clean Energy under Section 1(c) of Public Act 15-107
- 1,375 GWh per year of Qualified Clean Energy under Section 7 of Public Act 13-303; and
- 125 GWh of Class I Qualified Clean Energy Under Section 6 of Public Act 13-303
- Massachusetts
- 817 GWh per year of Class I Qualified Clean Energy under Section 83(a) of the Green Communities Act, as amended
- Additional Qualified Clean Energy of an undefined amount, so long as bids for such are in the form of the Delivery Commitment Model, for contributing to achievement of the goals of the Massachusetts 2008 Global Warming Solutions Act (GWSA)
- Rhode Island
- Qualified Clean Energy of an undefined amount, sought by Narragansett only in the form of the Delivery Commitment Model, for contributing to the goals of Chapter 31 of Title 39 of the General Laws of Rhode Island, the Affordable Clean Energy Security Act (“Chapter 39-31”)
- Connecticut
- Entities from three of the New England States – Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island – have jointly issued a Request for Proposals (RFP) from private developers of clean energy and transmission. The three States are leveraging their collective authority in a joint procurement to open the possibility of procuring large-scale projects that no one state could procure alone.
**Note: Several states have already procured clean energy resources via long term contract
under these and other existing state energy procurement authorities**
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)
[see pdf for graphic]
Other Initiatives
- Green Banks
- Connecticut Green Bank
- Rhode Island Infrastructure Bank
- Vermont Economic Development Authority
- Grid Modernization
- Storage
- Massachusetts Energy Storage Initiative
- Electric Vehicles
- New England Governors – Eastern Canadian Premiers’ 2014 Resolution:
five percent (5%) fleet market share penetration of alternative fuel vehicles by 2020 - Four New England States joined the 2013 State Zero-Emissions Vehicle Program Memorandum of Understanding:
- Massachusetts: 300,000 by 2025
- Rhode Island: 43,000 by 2025
- Vermont: 18,000 by 2025
- New England Governors – Eastern Canadian Premiers’ 2014 Resolution: